Operation Just Cause

In 1989 the US military launched an invasion of Panama to oust erstwhile ally General Manuel Noriega. Despite once having had close ties with US intelligence organisations, by the mid 1980s relations had soured as Noriega removed democratically elected President Nicolas Ardito Barletta, and was indicted by the US for drug trafficking.

Operation Just Cause examines the wider history of Panama and its complex relationship with the US up to the eve of the invasion, and the military regimes that ruled between 1968 and 1989, before looking in depth at the Panama Defense Force and the overwhelming US military machine that would be unleashed against them. The invasion itself and its aftermath are described in detail.

Operation Just Cause is illustrated throughout with original photographs and includes the @War series’ signature colour artworks.